The Truth About Denial by Adrian Bardon

Author:Adrian Bardon
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2019-09-02T22:00:00+00:00

With these two impulses in play—a feeling of competitiveness instinctively directed at perceived out-groups and a self-affirming emotional need to distinguish one’s perceived in-group from others as superior—a natural favoritism toward one’s own group and a derogatory animosity toward others is to be expected. And this bias is characteristically expressed in terms of self- and group-serving attributional asymmetries precisely along the lines of the FAE, the UAE, and the SAE.

The contact hypothesis is the longstanding hypothesis that implicit (and explicit) prejudicial attitudes can change for the better when members of opposing groups come into extended contact with each other in nonthreatening contexts.139 The idea is that, if out-group hostility and stereotyping go hand-in-hand, then extended, stereotype-undermining contact between groups should eventually ameliorate their in-group/out-group issues.140 The flip side of this, of course, is the concern that de facto racial, cultural, and/or economic segregation will tend to prolong and/or exacerbate prejudices. Separation breeds perceived “grouping,” and grouping breeds motivated cognition about inherent differences. Psychologist David Dunning describes a typical result of research on in-group/out-group attributions:

Positive behaviors of in-group members are immediately categorized in a broad and abstract way; positive behaviors of out-group members remain concrete and compartmentalized in scope. For example, if shown a cartoon of a person who was helping another, participants characterize the group members as helpful but out-group members as having helped. The opposite occurs if the behavior is negative. When shown an in-group member hitting another person, respondents describe the in-group member as hitting but an out-group member as being violent.141

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